The EcoWater Case Studies are formulated around a distinct and unifying theme, i.e. the assessment of meso-level eco-efficiency indicators and the quantification of the impact of different innovative technologies across water service systems:

• Two  Case Studies address agricultural water systems, in Sinistra Ofanto, Italy, and Monte Novo, Portugal
• Two  Case Studies deal with urban water systems, in Sofia, Bulgaria, and Zurich, Switzerland
• Four Case Studies concern water use in industrial sectors, including:

1.  The textile industry in Biella, Italy,
2.  Water use for electricity and thermal energy production in the Amsterdam-Rhine Channel, The Netherlands,
3.  The dairy industry in Denmark,
4.  The automotive industry in Sweden.

In all contexts, benchmarked technologies address a significant range of interventions that can minimize the footprints of water use, expanding beyond the simple estimation of water efficiency improvements in specific sectors. Interactions among the economic actors involved are also analysed so that the overall analysis integrates the factors (economic, social, and environmental) that shape water consumption patterns in diverse uses.