Existing water infrastructure involves large inter-basin transfers in the South-South-eastern (South Conveyor Project - SCP) and in the South West-Western (Pafos Irrigation Project) parts of the island (Figure 20). This allows for considerable flexibility in water management and allocation in most areas.

The Southern Conveyor Project covers the water demand for over 40% of Cyprus. The project is a multi-basin, multi-unit, and multi-purpose development scheme, which involves the exploitation of both surface and groundwater. Its aim is to collect, store and redistribute the runoff surplus of the south coast, for providing water for irrigation and domestic use to 80% of the population in the southern and eastern areas. The SCP project also supplies water to the urban centre of Nicosia in the central part of the island. Water availability in the SCP amounts to 65 hm³. Of this amount 26 hm³ is allocated to domestic use and 32 hm³ to irrigation. The principal infrastructure of SCP includes:

1. The Kouris dam, with a capacity of 115 hm³;
2. The Dhiarizos diversion (14.5 km), which transfers 21 hm³/year from the Dhiarizos river to the Kouris dam;
3. The 110 km long Main Conveyor from the Kouris dam to the Akhna terminal reservoir;
4. The Akhna terminal reservoir with a capacity of 6 hm³;
5. The Germasogeia dam with a capacity of 13.5 hm³;
6. The tertiary treatment plant of Lemesos with a capacity of 13 hm³. Outflows are used for irrigation, and potentially for the artificial recharge of the Akrotiri aquifer;
7. Irrigated areas of 13500 ha, with pressurized distribution networks;
8. Two drinking water treatment plants (with a capacity of 100,000m³/d) which supply potable water to several urban and tourist areas; and
9. A telemetry system to monitor and operate the system.
        

The Pafos Irrigation Project, one of the major projects of Cyprus, had the main objective to develop water resources in the Pafos district for the irrigation of the coastal plain between Khapotami river and Ayios Yeorgios Peyias. Its construction was realized during the period 1976-1983, and included Asprokremmos dam (capacity of 53 hm³) on Xeropotamos river, the main canal and the western main conveyor, pumping stations, reservoirs, irrigation networks and borehole schemes. At present, water from Asprokremmos dam is also used for domestic supply, with water being treated in the respective water treatment plant. The project will also incorporate the dam of Kannaviou (Ezousa river, capacity of 18 hm³), initiating operation in 2008.

However, especially during the drought periods conflicts and demonstrations arise against inter-basin transfers of water. Local farmers demand full coverage of their water needs before any transfer is made.